LINUX BASICS 312001 Practical No 1 Answers MSBTE K Scheme
 |
| LINUX BASICS 312001 MANUAL PRACTICAL NO 1 |
Experiment No 01: Install and configure the Linux operating system.
Practical Significance
Linux serves as the foundation for numerous open-source operating systems that aim to substitute Windows and Mac OS. It can be downloaded and installed on any computer without any cost. Due to its open-source nature, multiple groups have developed various versions, known as distributions. To safeguard against hacking, several organizations maintain their Linux operating systems as private. Conversely, many others release their own versions of Linux publicly, allowing the global community to reap the advantages.
Practical related questions
1. What are different versions of Linux operating system?
Answer:
- Debian: Known for its stability and focus on free and open-source software.
- Ubuntu: A famous derivative of Debian, known for its user-friendliness and large community.
- Fedora: A distribution sponsored by Red Hat, known for its focus on innovation and bleeding-edge technologies.
- CentOS/Rocky Linux: Enterprise-focused distributions known for their stability and long-term support.
- Mint: A derivative of Ubuntu known for its user-friendliness and focus on delivering a comfortable desktop experience.
- Arch Linux: A lightweight distribution known for its rolling release model and focus on user customization.
- OpenSUSE: A user-friendly distribution known for its KDE Plasma desktop environment and YaST configuration tool.
- Elementary OS: A beautiful and user-friendly distribution encouraged by macOS.
- Kali Linux: A distribution specifically designed for penetration testing and security auditing.
- Tails: A privacy-focused distribution that boots from a live CD or USB drive.
2. Enlist the steps for booting the operating system.
Answer:
- Power On: Turn on the computer by pushing the power button.
- Power-on Self-Test (POST): The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) performs a series of checks on the computer's hardware to confirm all components are working properly. During this stage, you might hear a beep or see messages on the screen.
- Boot Device Selection: The BIOS then determines the boot device, which is the storage device including the operating system files. This is usually the hard drive, but it can also be a CD, DVD, USB flash drive, or network drive. The boot order might be configurable in the BIOS settings.
- Loading the Bootloader: The BIOS locates and loads the bootloader program from the boot device. The bootloader is a small program accountable for loading the operating system kernel.
- Loading the Kernel: The bootloader then loads the operating system kernel, which is the core of the operating system. The kernel initializes fundamental hardware components and prepares the system for additional processes.
- Initializing Hardware: The kernel initializes device drivers, which allow the operating system to communicate with various hardware components.
- Loading Initial Programs: The kernel loads the initial programs and services needed for the operating system to function.
- User Interface: Finally, the operating system loads the user interface (such as the graphical desktop environment) and allows the user to interact with the system.
3. State names of the latest multiuser operating system and its advantages.
Answer:
1. Linux Distributions :
Advantages: Open-source and often free, highly customizable, secure, supports a vast range of hardware, good for servers and workstations
2. macOS Ventura:
Advantages: User-friendly interface, well-integrated with Apple hardware and ecosystem, good for innovative professionals, strong protection features.
3. Windows Server 2022 (Released August 2022):
Advantages: Designed especially for server environments, robust security features, scalability for large deployments, and good for managing user access and resources.
4. FreeBSD 13.3 (Released April 2023):
Advantages: Open-source, known for stability and security, widely used in network servers and embedded systems, good for performance-critical applications.