Building Material and Construction 312338 Practical No 9 Answers
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| Building Material and Construction 312338 |
Practical Significance-
Brick masonry is a process of arranging bricks in courses to develop longitudinal and transverse interlocking for individual bricks. Assembling a one and a half brick thick wall in a given bond results in practical outcomes related to structural integrity, uniform appearance, proper load distribution, construction efficiency, and ease of maintenance. These outcomes collectively contribute to the overall success and longevity of the constructed wall.
Relevant Theoretical Background
Cement mortar is used for plastering stone and brick masonry. It is also used for grouting and uniting.
Properties of cement mortar-
Brick masonry is the arrangement of bricks in successive courses to tie brickwork Together to achieve maximum strength called bond. It is required to know the importance of Selection and soaking of bricks. It is required to make use of line string, plumb-bob, and
Spirit level to maintain verticality and horizontally in the construction of brick walls in English Bond. This bond is produced by laying alternate courses of headers and stretchers.
For breaking Joints vertically, it is essential to place the queen closer after the header quoin in the Heading course.
Procedure
1. All the bricks to be used are thoroughly soaked in water so that they do not absorb water
from mortar.
2. Prepare mortar with proportion CM 1:6.
3. Spread the mortar over the area to be covered with a thickness of 15mm.
4. First construct the corner of the wall. Lay one brick at the corner and press it with your hands so that the thickness of the bed joint remains only about 10mm.
5. The first queen closure is also fixed as a corner brick. Check the level and alignment. Lay other bricks to form the thickness of a half-brick-thick wall.
6. After laying the first course spread the mortar over the entire course and arrange the bricks to get bond.
7. Similarly lay down the corner at another end of the wall the corner construction will guide for filling between bricks of various courses.
8. Stretch the line string along the top of the first course laid at each corner of the wall the course is then raised. The line string is then shifted up and the second course is constructed this process is repeated for consecutive courses.
9. The verticality and horizontality are checked by Plumb Bob and the spirit level for every course.
10. The joints should be cleaned after every day’s work.
Observation Table
|
Sr.No |
Type of Bond |
Number of Bricks |
Observation |
|
1 |
English Bond |
12 |
Corner construction successful. Bricks are laid with even bed joint thickness. Level and alignment checked. |
|
2 |
Stretcher Bond |
18 |
Mortar spread evenly on the first course. Bricks arranged for a proper bond. Verticality and horizontality are confirmed with plumb bob and spirit level. |
|
3 |
Flemish Bond |
24 |
Corner construction of the second course established. Line string effectively shifted and was used for the second course. Joints cleaned at the end of the day. |
|
4 |
English Bond |
30 |
Wall construction progressing steadily. Level and alignment are maintained throughout. Minor adjustments were made to ensure proper joint thickness. |
Result
In general, the findings suggest that the construction process adhered to the specified steps and emphasized important factors such as corner formation, bond patterns, joint thickness, level, verticality, and joint cleaning. It should be emphasized that this assessment is based on a limited, theoretical experiment.
Interpretation of results
In general, the observations indicate a methodical and disciplined approach to building brick walls, with a focus on important elements such as creating bonds, ensuring proper dimensions and levelness, implementing quality control procedures, and following correct construction methods. To conduct a more thorough assessment, it is important to take into account the complete construction process and any other observations or obstacles encountered throughout the project.
Practical Related Questions
1. Suggest a suitable type of bond for compound walls and partition walls.
Answer:
For Compound Wall:
English Bond: Due to its aesthetic appeal and good strength, this is a common option for compound walls. It showcases a visually pleasing pattern by using alternating courses of headers and stretchers, which also guarantees structural integrity through proper overlapping.
Partition Wall:
Stretcher Bond: This is the most commonly chosen option for partition walls because of its simplicity and efficiency. It consists of only stretcher bricks placed end-to-end, which makes construction quick and easy. Moreover, it offers sufficient strength for the majority of non-load-bearing partition walls.
2. Explain the method to break the continuity of the vertical joint.
Answer :
The quoin closer method is a technique used in brick masonry to break the continuity of vertical joints, particularly at corners and wall ends. Here's how it works:
1. Brick Cutting:
A standard brick is typically cut lengthwise in half using either a brick hammer and chisel or a power saw made for masonry materials, resulting in two quoin closers.
2. Placement:
Typically, the first row of bricks at a wall corner starts with a full-size brick on one side and a quoin closer on the other side, creating an overlapping corner for both walls.
A quoin closer is used at the start and end of each subsequent course to create a break in the vertical joint continuity between bricks on neighboring walls.
3. State the function of line string, plumb bob, masons square, and level tube.
Answer:
- Line String:
Function: An A-line string is a slender, lengthy string usually crafted from nylon or cotton. It is pulled tightly between stationary points to create a straight line used as a guide for bricklaying.
- A plumb bob
Function: A plumb bob is a basic tool that consists of a weight hanging on a string. Gravity causes the weight to pull the string down, creating a completely vertical line.
- Mason's Square:
Function: A mason's square is a heavy-duty L-shaped tool made of metal. It has two arms at a precise 90-degree angle for checking squareness.
- Level Tube:
Function: A level tube is a tool that consists of a vial filled with liquid and a small air bubble. This bubble will settle in the middle of the vial when the level is placed on a completely flat surface.
4. Give the reasons for the following.
a) The bricks are soaked in water before their use
The primary reason for soaking bricks in water before use in masonry construction is to prevent them from absorbing water from the mortar
b) Brickwork is kept moist for seven days
Keeping the brickwork damp helps to prevent the mortar from drying too rapidly, which in turn slows down the rate at which it absorbs moisture from the mortar. This promotes optimal hydration and helps prevent potential shrinkage cracks in the mortar joints.
c) The English bond is stronger than the Flemish bond
English bond, with its continuous interlocking pattern formed by headers, offers greater resistance to lateral forces and shear, thus making it generally more robust than Flemish bond when used for load-bearing walls.
d) The frog is kept upward while placed in position.
Ensuring the frog is facing upwards while placing bricks serves two important functions: improving the wall's strength and stability by encouraging a stronger bond with the mortar, and optimizing mortar usage for cost efficiency and potentially reducing the weight of the wall.