Building Material and Construction 312338 Practical No 19 Answers

Practical Significance

The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) is a methodical transmission of knowledge from one

generation to the next. It is a well-structured system and process of knowledge transfer, rather

than just a tradition. The goal of promote traditional Indian ideas and emphasize their

preservation because of their historical, architectural, cultural, aesthetic, or ecological value. While also spreading their relevance in a modern context. Our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration.

Observation

Site Visit Report: Shaniwar Wada, Pune (IKS in Civil Engineering)

Date: 2024-03-05

Heritage Structure: Shaniwar Wada

Location: Pune, Maharashtra

Inspector: Ramesh Patil

1. Introduction

This report provides information about a visit to the Shaniwar Wada Fort in Pune, Maharashtra, which is a well-known historical building. The purpose of the visit was to examine the Civil Engineering aspects that showcase the principles of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS). The fort, believed to have been constructed in the 17th century, was used as the residence for the Peshwa rulers of the Maratha Empire.

Observations

2. Materials:

The main material used in the construction of Shaniwar Wada is Deccan basalt, a volcanic rock renowned for its strength and durability. This locally obtained material is ideal for withstanding the hot and dry weather conditions in Pune.
Lime mortar, which is a traditional material made from burnt limestone and sand, is utilized in the construction process. This type of mortar possesses self-healing characteristics and enables the structure to breathe, thereby minimizing the accumulation of moisture within the walls.
The primary use of wood, particularly teak, is for doors, windows, balconies, and certain structural components. Teak is renowned for its inherent resistance to termites and weather, rendering it well-suited for the Pune climate.

3. Construction Techniques:

The fort employs a load-bearing wall system comprising of thick basalt walls in order to maintain structural stability. This design also aids in providing natural insulation and regulating indoor temperatures.
Arches and corbelled roofs are notable characteristics found throughout the complex. These methods provide strength without the need for excessive amounts of timber, demonstrating the efficient utilization of resources.
The complex utilizes natural ventilation tactics, with strategically positioned windows and courtyards that enhance air movement and decrease the need for artificial cooling systems.

4. IKS and Civil Engineering

The understanding of the properties of locally sourced, durable materials such as basalt and teak is demonstrated through their use, showing an adaptation to the local environment. Resourcefulness and ingenuity in achieving structural stability are showcased through the utilization of traditional construction techniques like lime mortar and corbelled arches. An awareness of the local climate and a focus on creating a comfortable living environment are reflected in the incorporation of passive cooling and ventilation strategies.

Photos :

Practical Related Questions

1. List out the Indian Heritage structure in your area.

Answer:

Shaniwar Wada Fort
Aga Khan Palace
Kasba Peth
Lal Mahal (Red Palace)
Sadashiv Peth
Shaneswar Temple
Kelkar Museum
Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum
Sinhagad Fort
Osho Ashram

2. Explain briefly the importance of Indian heritage structure related to civil engineer.

Answer:

Traditional Techniques and Material Knowledge:

These structures exemplify the clever utilization of materials such as stone, wood, and burnt bricks that are readily accessible in the area. They demonstrate a comprehension of the characteristics of these materials and how to modify them according to the specific climate and surroundings. Numerous historical buildings employ methods of passive cooling, ventilation, and lighting. Exploring these strategies has the potential to motivate modern engineers to create eco-friendly and energy-saving constructions.

Lessons in Longevity and Resilience:

Strategies for disaster prevention: Certain heritage buildings may have implemented measures to endure earthquakes, floods, or severe weather conditions. Analyzing these strategies can help improve the implementation of construction practices that are resilient to disasters. Time-tested performance: Several Indian heritage buildings have remained standing for centuries, showcasing the reliability of traditional construction techniques. Knowledge of these methods can aid engineers in creating structures that are longer-lasting and more resistant to the effects of time and the environment.

3. Write in detail its historical, architectural, and cultural information.

Answer :

Refrer introduction for this answer.

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