312006 Basic Mechanical Engineering BME Manual Practical No 1 Answer

Practical No.1: Identify Steam Boilers using Models and Charts

Practical Significance

Boilers are widely used in Industries like Thermal power plants, the Chemical Industry, the Processing Industry, Dairy, etc. To identify different faults and causes of steam boilers, it is essential to understand the working and different types of boilers used in power plants and industries.

Procedure

1. Explain the layout of the Thermal Power Plant

2. Explain the use of steam boilers in a steam power plant

3. Classify steam Boilers used in industry

4. Explain applications of low-pressure and high-pressure boilers in the industry

5. Demonstrate the working of the Babcock Wilcox boiler using the model

6. Demonstrate the working of the Lamont boiler using the chart

7. Demonstrate the working of the Loeffler boiler using the chart

Observations and calculations

Table 1

Name of Boiler	Name of Components	Function
Babcock & Wilcox Boiler	Drum	Stores steam and water mixture separates steam from water
	Downcomer Headers	Channelizes water from the drum to the water tubes
	Water Tubes	Carries water through the furnace, absorbing heat to generate steam
	Mud Drum	Collects sediment and impurities from the circulating water
	Furnace	Combustion chamber where fuel is burned to generate heat
	Burner	Introduces and atomizes fuel for efficient combustion
	Economizer )	Preheats feedwater using flue gas before it enters the drum, improving boiler efficiency
	Superheater	Heats steam above saturation temperature for applications requiring high-pressure steam
	Deaerator	Removes dissolved gases from feedwater to prevent corrosion in the boiler tubes
	Uptakes	Channels flue gas from the furnace to the economizer or directly to the stack
	Stack	Releases flue gas into the atmosphere
	Soot blowers	Cleans soot deposits from the boiler tubes to maintain heat transfer efficiency

Table 2

Name of Boiler	Name of Components	Function
LaMont Boiler	Feed Pump	Supplies water to the boiler system
	Economizer (optional)	Preheats feedwater using flue gas before it enters the evaporator tubes, improving boiler efficiency
	Steam Separator Drum	Separates steam from the water-steam mixture exiting the evaporator tubes
	Recirculation Pump	Circulates the water-steam mixture through the evaporator tubes at high velocity
	Evaporator Tubes	Long, slender tubes where water absorbs heat from the furnace to generate steam
	Burner	Introduces and atomizes fuel for efficient combustion in the furnace
	Furnace	Combustion chamber where fuel is burned to generate heat
	Superheater (optional)	Heats saturated steam exiting the separator drum to a higher temperature for specific applications
	Deaerator (optional)	Removes dissolved gases from feedwater to prevent corrosion in the boiler tubes
	Stack	Releases flue gas to the atmosphere
	Blowdown Valve	Releases concentrated boiler water to remove impurities and maintain water quality

Table 3

Name of Boiler	Name of Components	Function
Loeffler Boiler	Evaporating Drum	Houses the water-steam mixture. Steam is separated from the water here.
	Mixing Nozzle	Injects high-velocity superheated steam into the water leaving the economizer to promote rapid circulation and evaporation.
	Economizer	Preheats feedwater using flue gas before it enters the drum, improving boiler efficiency.
	Water Tubes	Carries water through the furnace, absorbing heat to generate steam.
	Internal Furnace	Combustion chamber where fuel is burned to generate heat.
	Burner	Introduces and atomizes the fuel for efficient combustion.
	Superheater	Heats a portion of the saturated steam exiting the drum to higher temperatures for applications requiring high-pressure steam.
	Steam Turbine	Extracts energy from the high-pressure, superheated steam to produce mechanical work.
	Deaerator	Removes dissolved gases from feedwater to prevent corrosion in the boiler tubes.
	Uptakes	Channels flue gas from the furnace to the economizer or directly to the stack.
	Stack	Releases flue gas to the atmosphere.
	Soot blowers	Cleans soot deposits from the boiler tubes to maintain heat transfer efficiency.
	Forced Circulation Pump	Circulates the water-steam mixture within the boiler at high velocity.

Results

We successfully Identified various Steam Boilers using Models and Charts.

Practical Related Questions

1. Draw any one Steam Boiler on graph paper

Answer:

La Mont Boiler:

2. Write specification of any one boiler used in sugar industry/pharmaceutical industry/thermal power plant.

Answer: '

Name of Boiler	Name of Components	Function
Loeffler Boiler	Evaporating Drum	Houses the water-steam mixture. Steam is separated from the water here.
	Mixing Nozzle	Injects high-velocity superheated steam into the water leaving the economizer to promote rapid circulation and evaporation.
	Economizer	Preheats feedwater using flue gas before it enters the drum, improving boiler efficiency.
	Water Tubes	Carries water through the furnace, absorbing heat to generate steam.
	Internal Furnace	Combustion chamber where fuel is burned to generate heat.
	Burner	Introduces and atomizes fuel for efficient combustion.
	Superheater	Heats a portion of the saturated steam exiting the drum to higher temperatures for applications requiring high-pressure steam.
	Steam Turbine	Extracts energy from the high-pressure, superheated steam to produce mechanical work.
	Deaerator (optional)	Removes dissolved gases from feedwater to prevent corrosion in the boiler tubes.
	Uptakes	Channels flue gas from the furnace to the economizer or directly to the stack.
	Stack	Releases flue gas to the atmosphere.
	Sootblowers (optional)	Cleans soot deposits from the boiler tubes to maintain heat transfer efficiency.
	Forced Circulation Pump	Circulates the water-steam mixture within the boiler at high velocity.

3. State necessity of steam boiler in steam power plant.

Answer :

The boiler produces steam at both high pressure and high temperature. This steam is then converted into mechanical energy by the steam turbine, which is further transformed into electricity by the generator.

4. Differentiate between Babcock-Wilcox boiler and Lamont Boiler on the basis of steam generation capacity, Pressure of steam, Size of Boiler, application

Answer: